To clarify some long-standing perplexities long existent in Chinese historical scholarship(2011/08/16)
The Book of Historical Documents in current Shisan Jing Zhushu claims to be the "old text" version from the wall of Confucius' home. Many scholars' research after Song has proved it to be a later forgery. However, until now some researchers have sought to reverse that conclusion. The real "old text" Shang Shu in the Tsinghua bamboo strips can be of great significance for ending this controversy.
Regarding the history of Shang's King Tang eliminating Xia, "Yin Zhi" and "Yin Gao" are documents of great importance about Yi Yin and Shang Tang. "Yin Gao", also named "Xian You Yide", is one important chapter of the "old text" of Shang Shu. It was excavated from the wall of Confucius' home but subsequently lost. Comparing "Yin Gao" in the Tsinghua bamboo strips with "Xian You Yide" of the transmitted "old text" Shang Shu, we can be certain that the transmitted version is a later forgery, while the bamboo strip version is genuine. This will deeply influence Chinese historical research.
The Tsinghua bamboo strips can also prove that some chapters of Yi Zhou Shu are no less significant than The Book of Historical Documents, such as the well-preserved strips of "Zhai Gong" and "Huang Men". "Huang Men" recorded that the Duke of Zhou admonished chancellors to assist with his rule by faithfully counseling and recommending the virtuous. "Zhai Gong" includes the last advice of Zhai Gong Moufu, a chancellor of Zhou's King Mu, as he approached the end of his life. These two documents are of great historiographical value. The scripts, which are quite similar to inscriptions on bronze (Jin Wen), are archaic and abstruse. Through comparisons with them, many errors in the transmitted version can be corrected.
"Cheng Wu" is also found in the Tsinghua bamboo strips. This chapter was once included in Yi Zhou Shu during the Han dynasty, but it was lost after the Tang or Song dynasty. Only fragments of it still exist. By contrast, "Cheng Wu" in the Tsinghua bamboo strips is a complete text, recording in detail Zhou's King Wen "being chosen" (Shou Ming, that is, having a claim to the throne of King and thus replace Shang). This sheds further light of this legend and might compensate for the loss during the last thousand years.
To discover previously unknown odes and songs from the Zhou Dynasty.
The "Qi Ye" chapter in the Tsinghua bamboo strips indicates that in the eighth year of King Wu's reign, after the Zhou generals had returned from their successful punitive attack on the state of Qi (that is, Li), they held a "Yin Zhi" ceremony in the ancestral temple of King Wen. Among those participating were King Wu, the Duke of Zhou, the Duke of Bi, the Duke of Zhao, Xin Jia, Zuo Ce Yi, and Shi Shang Fu. In their ritual, they drank liquor and composed odes. All those odes are found on the bamboo strips. This relates to the "Chief of the West Conquers Qi"(Xibo Kan Li) chapter of the "Documents of Shang"(Shang Shu) section in The Book of Historical Documents. According to it, we can correct the mistake of the Great Commentary on Shang Shu (Shangshu Dazhuan) that the attack on Li was during King Wen's reign. This bamboo text thus has both historical value and literary significance. Surprisingly, one stanza of the ode composed by the Duke of Zhou is closely related to the "Xi Shuai", an ode in the "Airs of Tang"(Tang Feng) section of Shi Jing. This was really outside anyone's expectations.
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